HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK DEMOGRAFI DENGAN SELF-MANAGEMENT HIPERTENSI PADA LANSIA: STUDI CROSS-SECTIONAL DI ACEH UTARA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58435/jka.v5i1.261Keywords:
Karakteristik Demografi, Hipertensi, Lansia, Self-ManagementAbstract
Hipertensi merupakan masalah kesehatan kronis yang memerlukan keterlibatan aktif pasien dalam pengelolaannya melalui self-management. Karakteristik demografi, seperti umur, jenis kelamin, dan pekerjaan, diduga berkaitan dengan kemampuan individu dalam menjalankan pengobatan dan mempertahankan perilaku hidup sehat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan karakteristik demografi dengan self-management hipertensi pada lansia di Desa U Baroh, Kecamatan Cot Girek, Kabupaten Aceh Utara. Penelitian menggunakan desain kuantitatif analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Populasi penelitian berjumlah 229 penderita hipertensi, dengan sampel 70 responden yang dipilih menggunakan simple random sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur dan dianalisis secara univariat serta bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-Square dengan tingkat kemaknaan α=0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa responden terbanyak berada pada kelompok umur 45–59 tahun, yaitu 41 responden (58,6%), dengan 32 responden (78,0%) memiliki self-management baik. Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara umur dengan self-management hipertensi (p=0,027). Proporsi self-management baik pada laki-laki sebesar 83,3% dan perempuan 52,9%, dengan hubungan signifikan antara jenis kelamin dan self-management (p=0,006). Responden yang tidak bekerja memiliki proporsi self-management baik tertinggi, yaitu 26 responden (83,9%), sedangkan self-management kurang paling banyak pada karyawan swasta (60,0%); pekerjaan berhubungan signifikan dengan self-management (p=0,041). Disimpulkan bahwa umur, jenis kelamin, dan pekerjaan berhubungan dengan self-management hipertensi. Edukasi dan pendampingan perlu mempertimbangkan karakteristik demografi agar sesuai dengan kebutuhan individu. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya pendekatan pengelolaan hipertensi yang berorientasi pada karakteristik individu. Penyesuaian edukasi, pendampingan keluarga, dan pemantauan perilaku kesehatan berdasarkan karakteristik demografi dapat mendukung penerapan self-management secara berkelanjutan dan optimal pada penderita hipertensi di masyarakat. Penelitian lanjutan perlu mengkaji faktor lain yang berhubungan dengan self-management.
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